Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Civil engineer
Died when: 53 years 159 days (641 months)Star Sign: Aries
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Isambard Kingdom Brunel FRS MInstCE (/'?z?mb??rd bru?'n?l/; 9 April 1806 – 15 September 1859) was an English civil engineer who was considered "one of the most ingenious and prolific figures in engineering history," "one of the 19th-century engineering giants," and "one of the greatest figures of the Industrial Revolution, [who] changed the face of the English landscape with his groundbreaking designs and ingenious constructions." Brunel built dockyards, the Great Western Railway (GWR), a series of steamships including the first propeller-driven transatlantic steamship, and numerous important bridges and tunnels.
His designs revolutionised public transport and modern engineering.Though Brunel's projects were not always successful, they often contained innovative solutions to long-standing engineering problems.
During his career, Brunel achieved many engineering firsts, including assisting in the building of the first tunnel under a navigable river (the River Thames) and the development of the SS Great Britain, the first propeller-driven, ocean-going iron ship, which, when launched in 1843, was the largest ship ever built.
On the GWR, Brunel set standards for a well-built railway, using careful surveys to minimise gradients and curves.This necessitated expensive construction techniques, new bridges, new viaducts, and the two-mile-long (3.2 km) Box Tunnel.
One controversial feature was the "broad gauge" of 7 ft 1/4 in (2,140 mm), instead of what was later to be known as "standard gauge" of 4 ft 8+1/2 in (1,435 mm).
He astonished Britain by proposing to extend the GWR westward to North America by building steam-powered, iron-hulled ships.He designed and built three ships that revolutionised naval engineering: the SS Great Western (1838), the SS Great Britain (1843), and the SS Great Eastern (1859).
In 2002, Brunel was placed second in a BBC public poll to determine the "100 Greatest Britons." In 2006, the bicentenary of his birth, a major programme of events celebrated his life and work under the name Brunel 200.
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