Shankar Dayal Sharma

President of India

Shankar Dayal Sharma was an Indian lawyer and politician from the state of Madhya Pradesh who served as the ninth President of India, from 1992 to 1997.

Born in Bhopal, Sharma studied at Agra, Allahabad and Lucknow and received a doctorate in constitutional law from the University of Cambridge and was a bar-at-law from Lincoln's Inn and a Brandeis Fellow at Harvard University.

In 1948-49, Sharma was one of the leaders of the movement for the merger of Bhopal State with India, a cause for which he served eight months' imprisonment.

A member of the Indian National Congress party, Sharma was Chief Minister (1952–1956) of Bhopal State and served as a Cabinet Minister (1956–1971) in the government of Madhya Pradesh holding several portfolios.

Sharma was president of the Bhopal State Congress Committee (1950-1952), Madhya Pradesh Congress Committee (1966-1968) and of the All India Congress Committee (1972-1974).

He served as Union Minister for Communications from 1974 to 1977 under Prime Minister Indira Gandhi.Twice elected to the Lok Sabha, Sharma served as Governor of Andhra Pradesh (1984-1985), Punjab (1985-1986) and Maharashtra (1986-1987) before being elected unopposed as the eighth Vice President of India in 1987.

Sharma was elected President of India in 1992 and served till 1997 during which period he dealt with four Prime Ministers, three of whom he appointed in the last year of his presidency.

He was assertive with the P.V.Narasimha Rao ministry, forcing his government to sack a governor, instigating a strong response to the demolition of the Babri Masjid and refusing to sign ordinances presented to him on the eve of elections.

His appointment of Atal Bihari Vajpayee as Prime Minister on the grounds of him being the leader of the largest party in Parliament attracted widespread criticism especially as Vajpayee was forced to resign in only thirteen days without facing a vote of confidence.

Sharma's appointment of H.D.Deve Gowda and I.K.Gujral as Prime Minsters followed the assurance of support to their candidature by the Congress party but neither government lasted more than a year.

Sharma chose not to seek a second term in office and was succeeded to the presidency by K.R.Narayanan.

Sharma died in 1999 and was accorded a state funeral.His samadhi lies at Karma Bhumi in Delhi.

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